Today, the voltage stabilizers have become mandatory for office, commercial and industrial use. The voltage stabilizers aim at protecting any machine and electronic equipment from voltage fluctuations. They maintain constant voltage irrespective of change in the incoming voltage and the external conditions. During the 1990s, manual stabilizers were widely used to buck the voltage. These stabilizers are equipped with electromagnetic relays to deliver constant voltage. After some years, electronic circuitry came into existence and was considered an alternative to automatic voltage regulators.
Main components of servo stabilizer. However, the latest technology of the voltage stabilizer is servo stabilizer as of now. Knowing how important it is to get one quality servo stabilizer for industrial purpose, we come up with a detailed guide of servo stabilizer.
What is Stabilizer?
Voltage fluctuation can cause damage to the load. If there are sudden load changes due to some faults in the power system, voltage fluctuation occurs. There are times when these voltage fluctuations can reduce the life span of any home appliances. So, industries make use of the voltage regulator to ensure that there is a stable supply of voltage to the load and to make sure that there is no or minimal cause of voltage fluctuations. Knowing how important it is to use a voltage regulator to avoid fuse problems, the stabilizer is employed in many commercial applications.
A stabilizer is a device which is used to maintain a steady state. Depends on the quality and specification of the voltage, there are different types of stabilizers out there to maintain stability for a certain time. In general, the stabilizer is used to maintain a stable voltage quantity in the power system is known as a voltage stabilizer. It works when the control element is used to process the unregulated input to regulated output.
Voltage stabilizer
A voltage stabilizer is designed in such a way that it can maintain a stable voltage level to ensures constant power supply even if there is any changes or fluctuations in the voltage supply to protect the appliances. When voltage regulator provides a constant voltage level to the home appliances it is called as a voltage stabilizer. The need and importance of this voltage stabilizer are vast and hence it is the most important device in commercial industries.
There are different types of voltage regulators out there such as electromechanical voltage regulators, automatic voltage regulators, active regulators etc. In the same way, there are various types of voltage stabilizers out there such as automatic voltage stabilizers, DC voltage stabilizers, AC voltage stabilizers. Let us see how it works exactly.
We can study the working of the voltage stabilizer by analyzing the different types of voltage stabilizers.To maintain a constant level of voltage, a voltage regulator is used. It is a device designed to automatically manage all the constant level of voltage. There are many types of Voltage regulator. For instance, one can be using a feed-forward design approach while the other one can be using negative feedback.
Types of Voltage Regulator
Generally, we can divide the voltage regulator into 3 types. They are
– Electronic Voltage Regulators
– Electromechanical Regulators
– Automatic voltage regulator
Electronic Voltage Regulator
The electronic voltage regulator is made from a series of Diodes. Due to its V-I curves shape, the voltage across all the diodes slightly changes. It is because of the change in input. The designs work fine if the precise level of voltage and efficiency does not play an important role.
Electromechanical Regulators
Electromechanical regulators are used for maintaining the constant voltage supply on AC power distribution lines. Electromechanical Regulators are known as voltage stabilizers. To be used in the autotransformer, these regulators adapt servomechanism operations.
The voltage regulation is completed by doing the coiling of the sensing wire. It makes an electromagnetic field. The field attracts the moving ferrous core to the gravitational force. As a result, when the voltage increases, so do the current. Also, the magnet is connected to a power switch. It opens when the magnet moves into the field. When the voltage decreases, So does the current and hence the spring tension is released. Therefore, by this, the switch is closed and the power starts flowing once more. The servomechanism is used for just switching the tap when the voltage range does not lie in the specified value. The secondary voltage of the electromechanical regulator can be changed to get the desired values of the output voltage.
Automatic voltage regulator
The automatic Voltage regulator is generally used in power stations. It has automatic voltage regulators (AVR) by which it can stabilize and maintain the voltages when the generator load changes. Traditional voltage regulators used to use the electromechanical system while today the automatic voltage regulator uses solid-state devices. Basically, an AVR compares all the output voltage of the generator to a set point. It then sends a signal using which the excitation is adjusted.
Relay type of voltage stabilizer
In this type, stabilizer constitutes an electronic circuit, relay circuit, controller unit, rectifier, and some tiny components. Whenever voltage falls or raise, the control circuit switches the relay to connect the tapping to the output voltage. It changes the output voltage level to 10%. This is why it is used only for low rating appliances in office, home and industry as well. There are times when some electrical equipment may suffer from several limitations such as less durability, power down, unexpected performance, coil damage etc.. To avoid these fluctuations in the multinational companies, the relay type voltage stabilizer makes much sense. Despite it is the outdated stabilizer, it is widely used for low power applications in schools, office etc.
Difference between oil cooled & air-cooled stabilizers
There are two types of servo models available in the market today. The one is servo air cooled stabilizer and the other is servo oil cooled stabilizer. Both of these stabilizers work on the same principle. However, the way they show their efficiency is unique.
| Air cooled servo stabilizer | Oil cooled servo stabilizer |
| Weight 1% | Weight 1.5% |
| Power factor 0.9 | Power factor 0.8 |
| 75 KVA can bear | 30 KVA can bear |
| Low load in summer | Heavy load even in summer |
AC Voltage Stabilizers
– Coil Rotation AC Voltage Regulators
– Constant voltage transformer
AC voltage stabilizers are categorized into various types such as AC voltage regulators, coil rotation, constant voltage transformer. AC voltage regulator is the traditional type of regulators which was used in the 1920s.
Coil Rotation AC Voltage Regulator
It is not widely used in many applications due to the old and out-dated circuit model. It works on the principal of variocoupler. It has two fixed coils, one is fixed and the other is mounted on the axis that is parallel with another coil.
The coil rotation AC voltage Regulator maintains the constant voltage supply by supporting the magnetic forces that act on the movable coil. By rotating the coil, the voltage in the secondary coil can be decreased on increased accordingly. Here, it works on the principle of a servo control mechanism which can be used to manage the coil position with this coil rotation. Thus, this voltage regulators act as a voltage stabilizer.
Constant Voltage Transformer
The constant voltage transformer is also coined as ferroresonant regulator or ferroresonant transformer. This stabilizer uses some kind of tank circuit that has a capacitor to generate a constant output voltage with the varying current and voltage resonant winding. The secondary coil is used to regulate the voltage level. Here, the AC power supply should be stabilized by saturating transformers.
Specification:
* Input voltage ranges from 90V to 290 V.
* Efficiency range is 98%.
* High voltage cut-off on 290 V.
* Specially designed for electrical appliances.
* Line noise and spike protection
* Comes with the primary switching technology.
Application
* The voltage regulator can be used in many ways.
* They are used to compensate for all the fluctuations of the voltage in the main power
* Some of the large voltage regulators are directly installed on distribution lines. These are placed permanently
* Some of the regulators which are small are size and portable are used to plug in between the sensitive and similar type of device or a wall outlet.
* AVR is often used on ships generator. Along with this, they are used in emergency power supply, oil rigs etc to maintain the fluctuations. When the power demand increases, it may cause some fluctuations. These regulators are used to stabilize the fluctuations.
Difference between regulator and stabilizer
The regulator is used to regulate the output quantity. The output is controlled based on the input criteria. There are different types of regulators out there such as fuel flow regulators, voltage regulators, speed regulators, etc.. on the other hand, the stabilizer is a device which is used to stabilize electrical supply against any external/ internal disturbances.
Active Regulators
Active regulators are the regulators in which there is at least one active component. The amplifying component can be an operational amplifier or a transistor. Shunt regulator are of both types. It may be active or passive. Most of the time they are passive. Although, being passive, they are inefficient. The reason for that is because they dump more current that is not loaded. Therefore, when there is more power to be supplied, a different type of capable device is used.
* Active Regulators can be categorized into 3 different classes. There are as given below
* Linear series regulators
* Switching regulators
* SCR regulators (Silicon Controlled rectifiers)
Linear Regulators
The first type of active regulators is linear regulators. Linear regulators are the device that is operated constantly. There is a switching regulator which is used as on and off switch. Furthermore, the linear regulators are also divided into two different types., they are.
* Series Regulators
* Shunt Regulators
Series regulator: The series regulator is also known as series pass regulator generally uses a variable element in series. The resistance is changed to ensure the voltage drop remains constant.
Shunt Regulator: Shunt regulator is another type of linear regulator in which the current is shunted to the ground by the regulating element.
Switching Regulators
Switching regulators are the type of the regulators which uses a switching element in order to transform the supply to a different current. It is then converted into a different voltage. This is done by the use of capacitors, inductors, and many other different elements. Afterward, it is converted back into DC. In order to get a steady output, there are different types of filtering and regulation components used inside the circuit.
SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)
An SCR stands for Silicon-controlled rectifier. It is a four-layer device which is classed as a thyristor. Basically, an SCR is nothing but a single one semiconductor device which has 3 leads. Most of the SCR is made to control power as they have a very high voltage and high current. In other words, an SCR is just a Shockley diode which has an extra terminal in it. The terminal is known as a gate. The main use of the gate is to trigger the whole device into the conduction. It is done by providing a small amount of voltage. Some of the use of SCR also include controlling welding machines. It is used in some of the processes of welding machines such as MTAW (Metal Tungsten Arc Welding) and GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding).
Hybrid Regulators
Hybrid regulators are combinations of all these three. Some of them also call it combination regulator. It is used because there are many power supplies which use more than one or two regulating methods in the series. These may be of any type such as some of the output regulated from a switching regulator may be further regulated by a linear regulator. This is because the switching regulator sometimes generates a more range of voltage because of its more input voltage. It produces noise. So, in some cases, they use a linear generator along with the switching regulator. When the switching regulators completed its regulation, the linear regulator is used to regulate the voltage in order to reduce the noise. Moreover, there can be any type of regulator followed by another regulator. Some of them also use a Silicon controlled rectifier as a pre-regulator. It is the most efficient way to create a variable as well as an accurate voltage.
Components of stabilizer
Here are the main components of stabilizer that make them work effectively.
* Dimmer
* Buck Boost Transformer
* Carbon brush
* Servomotor
* Carbon brush
* Contactor
* MCB/MCCB
Dimmer
Dimmer is a variable transformer that is usually round in shape. It is made of CRGO toroidal core, which is used to adjust the turn ration to the desired capacity. Dimmer is specially designed with care and attention as it is used to either increase or decrease the voltage which enters the buck-boost transformer. With this incredible device, the output voltage level can either be increased or decreased up to 50% only.
For instance: if the given input voltage of the transformer is 160V, the dimmer will increase it to at least 190Volt. The load will be balanced by Buck-Boost Transformer.
Buck Boost Transformer
Unlike Dimmer, Buck-Boost Transformer, Buck-Boost transformer. While testing the servo stabilizer, some kind of insulating vanish called transformer to vanish is applied over the windings that is to be used in the buck-boost transformer. This varnish saves windings in the transformer from any kind of external disturbance and environmental exposure. if it fails to use varnish, coils could get damaged due to heavy vibrations inside.
Servomotor
From the name itself, we can be clear that servomotor is the essential part of servo stabilizer. There is a synchronizing motor in the servomotor which has motors that rotate the arm mounted on the dimmer in either clockwise or anti-clockwise as per the input voltage.
Carbon Brush – Carbon brush is a moving part in these servo stabilizers, which is well-fitted in the shaft so that it can contact with dimmer. It is essential for the servo stabilizer manufacturer to get good quality brushes as the carbon brush will disappear early if the voltage variation is frequent.
Contactor – Contactor is generally used to cut down the output of any servo stabilizer when it exceeds the threshold limit.
MCB, MCCB – MCCB is used to balance the overload while MCB is used to give short circuit protection.
Electronic Circuit
It is no wonder that an electrical device needs an electronic circuit to process the thing. In stabilizer, electric circuit sends the signal to some parts of the stabilizer like dimmer, motor etc. The device works as per the signal that passes around the electric circuit.
Working of Servo stabilizer or stabilizer
It is extremely easy to understand the working principle of servo stabilizer. There is the main control circuit which contains a microprocessor that controls the action. When the main circuit receives the input of the automatic voltage regulator, the signal sends feedback to the main control circuitry. The microprocessor continuously receiving input voltages. If there are any fluctuations in the input voltage, the regulator induces the microprocessor to give more trigger to the motor driver. The number of auto windings at the transformer can be increased or decreased based on the servo motor. So voltage flows to the buck-boost transformer. Servo motor shaft is mounted on the buck-boost transformer. So, if there is any change in the voltage level across the primary coil of the buck-boost transformer which results in the change of input level in the secondary coil. The servo motor moves in a perfect way so that the proper voltage can be observed at the primary coil of the Buck-Boost transformer. The output voltage of the servo stabilizer is the voltage across the secondary coil of the buck-boost transformer. This process takes place until it achieves correct input voltages.
Generally, three phases of the automatic voltage regulator is an independent phase controlled. It is much like the single-phase servo stabilizer.
In order to control the motorized variable transformer, the servo stabilizer uses advanced servo motor concept. As it follows motorization, there is a delay in the voltage corrections. When input voltages change up to +50%, the output voltage would be +1%. Even if there is voltage fluctuations or frequency variation, the servo motors won’t be damaged. This working principle works well for all the three phases such as line to line, the line to neutral etc. irrespective of load balance and voltage balance. The device is designed in such a way that it can withstand external conditions and large inrush currents, voltage fluctuations etc. Despite the latest technology, this kind of servo stabilizers required good & regular maintenance. It follows different design topologies.
Single phase Input & Single-Phase Output
This kind of servo stabilizer contains AC synchronous motor which can be paired with the autotransformer through gears. Depends on how the input fluctuates, a servo motor can adjust the output of auto-transformer to ensures that the device achieves stable output.
Two-phase Input & two-phase Output
It contains an AC synchronous motor, which is coupled with an autotransformer using compatible gears/shaft. The servo motors adjust the output of the autotransformer and it depends on the input fluctuation. It is used in RISC microcontroller. Some applications are CNC machines, colored offset printing press, Escalators, Elevators etc.
Three phase input & three phase output is a type of servo stabilizer which contains three independent AC synchronous motors which are coupled with three autotransformers with the help of shafts & compatible gears. Some of its applications are medical equipment, Lighting load applications, Air conditioning plants.
Advantage of using servo stabilizer
* Reduced failure rate of medical/ electrical equipment.
* Reduction in the maintenance expenses
* Improvement in the voltage/power factor.
* Immediate response to voltage transient surges
* Saves power consumption
* Prevents fire, accidents etc.
* Protect & save human life.
Voltage Stabilizer has many real-life examples. For instance, it can be seen in the power supply circuits that provide supplies to all other electronic and electronic circuits. Generally, 7805 regulators are inserted in order to provide the supply to the microcontroller-based projects kits. The reason this is used is that microcontrollers operation is done at 5V. The first two digits in the 7805 stabilizers show the positive series while the last two are used to know the output voltage value.
7805 Regulator
As technology is developing day by day, there are many new designs in the voltage stabilizer. Some of them can be automated and can adjust the level voltage automatically as per the required range. If the required range of the voltage is failed, the power supply will be disconnected automatically from the load. Hence, the home appliances are protected from getting more amount of voltage and the fluctuations are not seen. You can use the comment box given below to know more about the technical stuff about the voltage stabilizers.
The fluctuation in electricity is common nowadays all over the world. Hence, the end of constant voltage and protection of appliances servo stabilizer is necessary as they provide the required performance.
Nowadays, almost all the electrical equipment comes with SMPs and hence the need to voltage stabilizer has decreased a lot. Although these all extra features are for advertisements and there is a good chance, in reality, they might be different. Hence, we will be discussing why you need a servo stabilizer. Also, we will see how can you save a lot of money with it by protecting all your appliances by installing a servo stabilizer.
There are some of the huge application which may be affected by a high voltage such as X-ray machines, PH meter, as well as some of the other machine such as recorders while some of the low-end machines will be affected by the low main voltage, such application includes Deep freezers, refrigerators, compressors etc. Hence, you need a voltage stabilizer in order to protect all your appliances from high or low voltages. Especially, for the industries who are running all day long can be affected by the fluctuation I voltage. Therefore, a servos stabilizer is mandatory in order to safeguard and protect your valuable appliances.
Today, the electricity board give a constan tvoltage. However, while the voltage reaches the user, the amount is changed and it does not remain constant. The reason for this is that of the loading duty while distributing voltage. Hence, a servo voltage stabilizer is stabilized all the voltages and you can easily save money by not damaging your electrical appliances due to voltage.
The range for single/three phases is om between 230V and 415v. All the connection in the three phases is further divided into 3 different lines. Each of them consists of 23V. Thus, the range of 220V to 240V has seen in running appliances. The inbuilt SMPS are no able to handle the higher or lower voltage range. As they are not able to maintain them properly, the appliances you use may get damage or may stop working. Therefore, with the use of servo voltage stabilizer, the application will be safe to use and won’t get damaged. Along with this, let us first know more about the voltage and their uses.
Know more about the voltage and uses
You need to know about the electrical loads before proceeding to buy a servo stabilizer. This applies in both the places whether it is your home/office or you are installing it in your industry. By doing the load evaluation, you can get to know about the amount of power the system needs. You might be thinking about how to calculate the loads and the amperes. You don’t need to worry about it, there is a simple formula to calculate it. The formula is
* To calculate KVA by using amperes, the below-given formula is used
Formula: 1KVA=4.3 Amperes
* To calculate KVA by using KW, below given formula can be used
Formula: 1KVA= KW/0.8
You can easily calculate the KVA by using the formula. For example, if your motor Is using let’s say 17.2 Amperes, you can calculate it by dividing it by 4.3 which leads us to 4KVA. It means you should go with 4KVA stabilizers. In the same way, if you want to calculate the kWh you can count all the voltage through KW in all of your applications. Now, you need to divide the answer with 0.8 as per the formula. After doing this, you will get the required answer. You can buy the stabilizer of that KVA and safeguard you all the appliances in your home/office. Please note that it differs in every home and offices and the same goes for industries. Therefore, don’t go blind while buying a stabilizer. You can contact an engineer if you want things done more precisely.
Moreover, you can see if there are any power fluctuations you are experiencing. You can select the input/output voltage window and power consumption according to that. If you don’t get the required result, meaning you don’t get the constant power. It means the input/out voltage is not suitable. Hence, you need to get a servo voltage stabilizer and protect the circuit from overload and under load by controlling the power and the voltage.
Applicability and Specifications:
Now, as you know why it is mandatory to install a stabilizer. Let’s see the specifications. It is fabricated with A-grade material making it strong and durable. It comes in affordable pricing with quality. The servo stabilizer is used in many industries such as paper mills, textile,Telecommunication industries, Offsets printing machines, and many more. It is essential to choose the best stabilizer as many of them several disadvantages. So, make sure you go with the best servo stabilizer and don’t settle for less.
Application
The application of the servo stabilizer is vast and hence It is the most important part of commercial industries. Here is some of its application.
* CNC machines
* Hospitals
* AC motors
* Petrol pumps
* Lathe Machine
* Laboratory equipment
* Signaling radars
* Telecommunication exchanges
* Air conditioning plants
* Escalators and elevators
* Offset printing machines
* Medical equipment